Cognition Communication Judgmental Biases -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cognition Communication Judgmental Biases? Answer: Introducation The research design of the study has been made very carefully, considering the areas which seem to be most affected. The key points, where most accidents occur, have more or less been covered by using the observers. This will be helpful to understand the frequencies and the general time period of the accidents (Mackey and Gass 2015). The research methodology has been given enough attention which would help to note down every detail that is needed to make proper assessments regarding the causality of the accidents and would point out towards the possible solutions that would facilitate in the actions that are needed to bring the numbers down. The research design has been made to be descriptive. The research design aims to understand the causality of the accidents and would like to look into the results that are being generated due to those factors. The cause and effect analysis would be the best method to understand the attributes and the parameters that are the main reasons for the number of accidents to be so high. Challenges in validity and reliability Despite the research methodology being designed with great care, there lay some issues regarding the validity of the results, as well as the reliability of the generated data. Two days into the data collection process, an accident occurred very close to one of the observer. However, the place of the accident was 200 meters away from the observer. This obvious distance may prove to be an obstacle in the assessment. The observer will obviously take time to notice or learn about the accident and even more time to reach the site. This gap of time would, without a doubt, lead to some data or vital detail to be lost (Patten and Newhart 2017). Details of accidents are very tedious to collect and any missing detail can alter the assessment process, which, in turn, would have heavy impact on the decision making process and the results yielded (Flick 2015). Another biggest problem that may be faced by the research methodology is the obvious question of bias. Every observer will have her or his own perceptions regarding who is to blame for the accident. This would make it incredibly clouded in terms of the proper assessment. The very details and notes, which would form the basis of the research, upon which judgements and conclusions will be drawn, would be altered and a clear unbiased view will not be reached at all (Mertens 2014). This must be eliminated if the research hopes to come up with the results which would bring down the accident numbers. Methodological issues There may be other issues regarding the data collection process. The very apparent one would be the problem with anomalies. While most of the accidents have been seen to be resulted by frustrated drivers and swarm of students crossing the road, there may still be some accidents which may be caused entirely due to faulty behaviour of the driver or callous students. These anomalies would have very misleading results and would make the actions taken to be problematic (Yin 2013). Random sampling never reflects the total mass conditions and fails to give a good idea about what happened in every single case (Rubin and Babbie 2016). Just like the accident that happened two days into the data collection process: the student was killed due to a speeding sports car. The obvious question that would arise here would tell that if the driver was going through a swarm of pedestrians, then he cannot be speeding; and if he was in fact driving fast, then either it was the drivers fault for not slowing down, or it was the students mistake for not being careful enough while crossing the road. Suggestions to improve the research There are a few ways the research can be improved in terms of quality and enhance the validity of the results. These methods may be helpful to enhance the credibility and subsequently facilitate in making better and more efficient decisions. To ensure that no detail is missed or every accident can be kept under surveillance, the research team can recruit more observers who will cover a greater area and would be sure to keep track of everything (Schwarz 2014). The observers must be made to understand that their interpretations would reflect on the decisions that will be taken: the generated data will be used by Dr. John Nottingham and his calculations and logic will be given to the university, which would then take appropriate measures that are aimed at trying to reduce the accidents. If the generated data is clouded by biasness regarding perceptions about who is to blame, the decisions will be equally flawed, and may even bring to wrong people under direct actions (Panneerselvam 2014). To eliminate this possibility, the observers have to be unbiased in their opinions, and only have to make record of what happened, and not their own thoughts regarding who to blame. Greater number of samples need to be taken, to make sure no anomaly is present in the data. Random sampling should be avoided as much as possible, but since the whole population cannot be taken into account, the random sample must be careful to note down every possible outcomes and not just record a few random occurances. References Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Mertens, D.M., 2014.Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Patten, M.L. and Newhart, M., 2017.Understanding research methods: An overview of the essentials. Taylor Francis. Rubin, A. and Babbie, E.R., 2016.Empowerment series: Research methods for social work. Cengage Learning. Schwarz, N., 2014.Cognition and communication: Judgmental biases, research methods, and the logic of conversation. Psychology Press. Yin, R.K., 2013.Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publication